This book explores answers to the fundamental questions driving the research innovation and practices of the latest revolution in scientific technological and economic development how does data science transform existing science technology industry economy profession and education How does one remain competitive in the data science fieldampampnbspWhat is responsible for shaping the mindset and skillset of data scientists Data Science Thinkingampampnbsppaints a comprehensive picture of data science as a new scientific paradigm from the scientific evolution perspective as data science thinking from the scientificthinking perspective as a transdisciplinary science from the disciplinary perspective and as a new profession and economy from the business perspective.