The domestic sphere the ideological as well as physical context of female life during the nineteenth century featured prominently in German womens writing of the period. Women writers such as Fanny Lewald Ida von HahnHahn and E. Marlitt who had begun to dominate Germanys book market addressed domestic life and female gender roles through a variety of genres. At the same time activists such as Helene Lange and Henriette SchraderBreymann let their vision of female gender roles shape the kindergartens and girls secondary schools they founded. This book discusses issues of female gender role formation and examines the ways in which womens writing and activism contributed to the process. As a result a rich tapestry of female social discourse is uncovered exhibiting womens strong commitment to shaping their destinies within a largely misogynistic political and legal national framework.